一、重點(diǎn)詞匯

1. familiar [fmli(r)] adj.熟悉的

They are already familiar faces on our TV screens.

他們已經(jīng)是我們電視屏幕上熟悉的面孔了。

2. adventure [dvent(r)] n.歷險(xiǎn)(經(jīng)歷)，奇遇

I set off for a new adventure in Alaska on the first day of the new year.

我在新年第一天出發(fā)去阿拉斯加進(jìn)行一次新的冒險(xiǎn)。

3. prefer [prf(r)] v.更喜歡

Does he prefer a particular sort of music?

他更喜歡某種特別的音樂(lè)嗎？

4. lose track of 不了解……的情況，不了解……的動(dòng)態(tài)

I always lose track of whats happening in the Middle East.

我總是無(wú)法知道中東的動(dòng)態(tài)。

5. deliver [dlv(r)] v.遞送，傳送

We promise to deliver within 48 hours.

我們承諾在48小時(shí)內(nèi)送到。

6. thanks to 歸功于……，多虧……

Thanks to that job I became an avid reader.

多虧了那份工作我才成了一個(gè)喜歡閱讀的人。

7. advance [dvns] n.進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展

We live in an age of rapid technological advance.

我們生活在技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的時(shí)代。

8. significantly [snfkntli] adv.重大地，顯著地

The two sets of figures are not significantly different.

這兩組數(shù)字沒(méi)有明顯的差別。

9. social media 社交媒體

Social media may also have played a role.

社交媒體可能也發(fā)揮了一定的作用。

10. maintain [menten] v.保持，維持

After the divorce, their father still maintained close contact with the boys.

離婚后，他們的父親仍和兒子們保持著密切聯(lián)系。

11. wi-fi [wa,fa] n.無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，無(wú)線上網(wǎng)

As long as a Wi-Fi connection is available, no extra hardware is required.

只要具有無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，就不需要額外的硬件設(shè)備。

12. click [klk] v.點(diǎn)擊(鼠標(biāo))

Click the OK button to start.

單擊確認(rèn)鍵啟動(dòng)。

13. digital [ddtl] adj.數(shù)字的，數(shù)碼的

When do people read their news on digital devices?

人們什么時(shí)候在數(shù)字設(shè)備上閱讀新聞？

14. enable [nebl] v.使可能，使發(fā)生

The software enables you to access the Internet in seconds.

這種軟件使你在幾秒鐘內(nèi)便可訪問(wèn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

15. site [sat] n.網(wǎng)站

She can see all the content on the Web site.

她可以查看網(wǎng)站上的所有內(nèi)容。

16. tend [tend] v.易于做某事，往往會(huì)發(fā)生某事

Women tend to live longer than men.

女人往往比男人長(zhǎng)壽。

17. update [pdet] n.最新消息

She had heard the newsflash on a TV channels news update.

她在電視頻道的新聞快訊里聽(tīng)到了這條簡(jiǎn)短報(bào)道。

18. throw the baby out with the bathwater 不分良莠一起拋棄

Although there are such problems, we didn’t want to throw the baby out with the bathwater.

盡管是有這樣的問(wèn)題存在，我們不想不分良莠一起拋棄。

19. acquire [kwa(r)] v.獲得，得到

He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.

他得到了奸詐的名聲。

20. goods [dz] n.商品

Money can be exchanged for goods or services.

錢可以用來(lái)?yè)Q取商品或服務(wù)。

21. prove [pru:v] v.證明，證實(shí)

Just give me a chance and Ill prove it to you.

只要給我個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)證明給你看。

22. illustrate [lstret] v.(舉例)說(shuō)明，闡明

To illustrate my point, let me tell you a little story.

為了說(shuō)明我的觀點(diǎn)，讓我來(lái)給你們講個(gè)小故事。

23. diagram [darm] n.圖解，示意圖

He drew a diagram to show us how to get to his house.

他畫了一張草圖，告訴我們到他家該怎么走。

24. inspiring [nspar] adj.鼓舞人心的，啟發(fā)靈感的

She was one of the most inspiring people Ive ever met.

她是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最能鼓舞人心的人物之一。

25. teenager [tined] n.青少年，十幾歲的孩子(13到19歲之間的孩子)

As a teenager he attended Tulse Hill Senior High School.

十幾歲時(shí)，他上了塔爾斯山高級(jí)中學(xué)。

26. quality [kwlti] n.素質(zhì)，品德

Sometimes you wonder where your kids get their good qualities.

有時(shí)候你會(huì)奇怪，自己的孩子是在哪里養(yǎng)成那些優(yōu)良品德的。

27. anxious [ks] adj.焦慮的，不安的

There were a few anxious moments in the baseball game.

那場(chǎng)棒球賽中有些時(shí)刻令人焦慮不安。

28. distance [dstns] v.使與……保持距離，撇清和……的關(guān)系

When he retired, he tried to distance himself from politics.

退休后，他便盡量使自己置身于政治之外。

29. postpone [pspn] v.使(事件、行動(dòng)等)延期，推遲

He decided to postpone the expedition until the following day.

他決定將探險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)推遲到第二天。

30. ordinary [dnri] adj.普通的，平常的

The meal was very ordinary.

這頓飯平常得很。

31. make ones fortune 發(fā)財(cái)

I am here to make my fortune.

我在這里尋找財(cái)富。

32. ought to 應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)

They ought to apologize.

他們應(yīng)該道歉。

33. partner [ptn] n.伙伴，搭檔

Her partner for the game was Venus Williams.

她的比賽搭擋是維納斯威廉姆斯。

34. turn up (意外地或終于)出現(xiàn)

They finally turned up at nearly midnight.

他們終于在近午夜時(shí)出現(xiàn)了。

35. scene [si:n] n.場(chǎng)景

She witnessed some very distressing scenes.

她目睹過(guò)一些令人非常痛苦的場(chǎng)面。

36. location [lken] n.地點(diǎn)，位置

What is the exact location of the ship?

那條船的確切位置在哪里？

37. personality [psnlti] n.個(gè)性，性格

His wife has a strong personality.

他妻子的個(gè)性很強(qiáng)。

二、常用表達(dá)方式

1. Fills me with a cheerful glow.讓我充滿了歡樂(lè)的光輝。

fill…with...用……充滿……

Fill a saucepan with water and bring to a slow boil.往平底鍋里加滿水，小火煮沸。

2. It gives me pleasure to think of you.我很高興想起了你。

think of 想起，想到

I just cant think of his name.我就是想不起來(lái)他叫什么了。

3. How do you prefer to make friends?你更喜歡怎樣交朋友？

prefer to do sth 更喜歡做某事

I prefer not to think about it.我不想考慮此事。

4. Talking face to face.面對(duì)面說(shuō)話。

face to face 面對(duì)面

This is my first time to speak English with you face to face.這是我第一次和你面對(duì)面用英語(yǔ)

聊天。

face-to-face adj.面對(duì)面的

Would you do this in a face-to-face meeting?你會(huì)在一個(gè)面對(duì)面的會(huì)議中做這樣的事情嗎？

5. How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends?如果搬到一個(gè)新的小鎮(zhèn)意味著失去與朋友的聯(lián)系，你會(huì)作何感想？

if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句中動(dòng)名詞moving to a new town作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞losing track of your friends作賓語(yǔ)。

6. What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered?如果從遠(yuǎn)方的朋友那里得到消息的唯一途徑就是寫信，而且要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能送到，那該怎么辦？

(1) What if…?假使……將會(huì)怎么樣？

What if this problem had to be solved in the next half-hour?如果這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須在接下來(lái)的

半小時(shí)內(nèi)解決呢？

(2) the way to do /of doing sth 做某事的方法

Even if you are right, thats not the way to put it.就算你對(duì)了，也不該那么說(shuō)呀！

She said dates should not stand in the way of making progress.她說(shuō)，日期不應(yīng)該成為取得

進(jìn)展的障礙。

7. Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.多虧科技的進(jìn)步，我們交朋友以及與他們交流的方式已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。

communicate with 與……交流溝通

I can communicate with foreigners easily.我能輕松地與外國(guó)人溝通。

8. Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.如今，我們可以在世界各地漫游，依然與我們想與之保持朋友關(guān)系的人保持聯(lián)系。

stay in touch with 與……保持聯(lián)系

He promised to stay in touch with us while he was abroad.他答應(yīng)我們?cè)趪?guó)外的時(shí)候會(huì)和我們保持聯(lián)系。

9. Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.社交媒體工具讓我們看到我們的朋友在做什么，并保持著友誼。

(be) up to 忙于……，在做……

Hed have a fit if he knew what we were up to!要是他知道我們?cè)诟墒裁磿?huì)大發(fā)脾氣的！

10. The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests…數(shù)字時(shí)代也使我們能

夠找到與我們有共同興趣的人……

enable sb to do sth 使得某人做某事

The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.新的檢驗(yàn)使醫(yī)生能在早期發(fā)

現(xiàn)該種疾病。

11. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.無(wú)論我們的愛(ài)好是什么，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)都能讓我們和那些同樣喜歡做這些事情的人聯(lián)系在一起，即使他們生活在世界的另一邊。

(1) connect sb with sb 使某人與某人聯(lián)系

Please connect me with Mr Lee.請(qǐng)幫我聯(lián)系李先生。

(2) even if/though 即使，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

Even if they are right, the debate will not be over.即使他們說(shuō)得是對(duì)的，這場(chǎng)辯論也不會(huì)結(jié)

束。

12. It depends.這要視情況而定。

It depends./It all depends./That depends./That all depends.這要視情況而定。

I am not sure, it depends. I might have to work that day.我不確定，要看情況，我那天可能

需要工作。

13. But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.但我們需要記住，我們?cè)谏缃幻襟w上看到的往往不是一個(gè)人真實(shí)的全部。

keep in mind that…將……記在心里

該短語(yǔ)中，that…部分是賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)部分較長(zhǎng)，故放在了賓補(bǔ)(in mind)的后面。

Keep in mind that kids sleep better if they exercise every day.切記，如果孩子每天鍛煉身體，他們就睡得更好。

14. On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.在社交媒體網(wǎng)站上，人們往往只發(fā)布一些積極的最新消息，讓他們看起來(lái)快樂(lè)且友好。

(1) tend to do sth 傾向于做某事

These three things tend to go together.這三樣?xùn)|西趨向于同時(shí)存在。

(2) that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾positive updates。定語(yǔ)從句中 make them appear…是“make +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，此處是不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。

Nobody made us go to bed at a certain time.沒(méi)有人讓我們?cè)谀骋还潭〞r(shí)間就寢。

15. Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.盡管科技改變了我們獲得朋友的方式，但友誼的意義和我們對(duì)朋友的渴望是一樣的。

(1) way作“方式，方法”講，后接定語(yǔ)從句：

關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that, in which或省略。

The way (that/in which) he did it attracted me.他做這件事的方式吸引了我。

關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that或which (作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系詞可省略)。

I did it in the way (that/which) you told me.我是按照你告訴我的方式做的。

(2) long for 渴望

I long for a trip to the Cape of Good Hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。

16. As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.正如亞里士多德所說(shuō)，沒(méi)有人會(huì)選擇沒(méi)有朋友的生活，即使他擁有所有其他的東西。

as Aristotle said是as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常用于一些固定的句式，如as we all know, as you see等。

17. To persuade people to abandon traditional ways of making friends.為了勸說(shuō)人們放棄傳統(tǒng)的交友方式。

persuade sb to do sth 說(shuō)服某人做某事

Try to persuade him to come.盡量勸他來(lái)。

18. Read the recipe and work out the meaning of the words in bold.閱讀食譜，弄懂粗體單詞的

意思。

work out 解決，算出，實(shí)現(xiàn)，制定出，弄懂，鍛煉。文中是“弄懂"之意。

It took me some time to work out what was causing this.它花了我一些時(shí)間，找到導(dǎo)致這種

狀況的原因。

19. Like any good soup, this wont fail to make you smile when youre feeling down.像任何美味

的湯一樣，當(dāng)你心情低落時(shí)，它一定會(huì)讓你微笑。

(1) fail to do sth 未能做某事

The words fail to convey the meaning.詞不達(dá)意。

(2) feel down 感到失落

down可作形容詞，表示“悲哀的，沮喪的”。

Its okay to feel down every now and then.時(shí)不時(shí)地感覺(jué)失落是很正常的。

20.... and a slice of humour!……還有一點(diǎn)兒幽默！

a slice of 一片，一份

Please give me a slice of ham.請(qǐng)給我一片火腿肉。

21. Come up with more words if you can.如果可以，想出更多的詞。

come up with 提出；想出

Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.有幾位成員提出了自

己的建議。

22. According to a study from Yale University and the University of California at San Diego in

2014, good friends are often genetically similar.根據(jù)耶魯大學(xué)和加利福尼亞大學(xué)圣地亞哥

分校2014年的一項(xiàng)研究，好朋友在基因方面通常是相似的。

according to 根據(jù)，按照

According to Mick, its a great movie.據(jù)米克說(shuō)，這是一部了不起的電影。

23. In fact, good friends can share up to 1% of the same genes-as much as we might share with our great-great-great grandparents!實(shí)際上，好朋友可以共有高達(dá)1%的相同基因，就像我們可能與曾曾曾祖父母擁有相同的基因一樣！

(1) up to 達(dá)到

The chaos may have contributed to the deaths of up to 20 people.混亂可能導(dǎo)致多達(dá)20人喪

生。

(2) as much as 和……一樣多

They do not gain as much as they think.他們實(shí)際增加的體重并沒(méi)有自己想象中的多。

24. When you make a suggestion, use less direct language than you would to make a statement or give an order.當(dāng)你提出建議時(shí)，盡量少用直接作出聲明或發(fā)號(hào)施令的語(yǔ)言。

(1) make a suggestion 提建議

Can I make a suggestion?我能提個(gè)建議嗎？

(2) make a statement 作出聲明

He wishes to make a statement that will attract public attention to the matter.他想發(fā)表一個(gè)

聲明，以喚起公眾對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)注。

25. This makes it clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice.這向?qū)Ψ角宄乇砻鳎闶窃诮o對(duì)方一個(gè)選擇。

make it clear that…使……清楚

it是形式賓語(yǔ)，clear是賓補(bǔ)，that從句是真正賓語(yǔ)。

Id like to make it clear that I had nothing to do with this.我想明確地說(shuō)明我和這事沒(méi)關(guān)系。

26. For example, you can begin with expressions such as Why don’t we...?...例如，你可以用這

樣的表達(dá)開(kāi)頭，例如“我們?yōu)槭裁床弧?……”

begin with 以……開(kāi)始(= start with)

It begins with three short notes and one long one.這樂(lè)曲以三個(gè)短音符和一個(gè)長(zhǎng)音符開(kāi)始。

27. I was wondering whether...我想知道是否……

I was wondering whether/if…我想知道是否……

用過(guò)去時(shí)was表示語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。

I was wondering whether you had any comments about that?請(qǐng)問(wèn)您對(duì)此有何見(jiàn)解？

28. They have a chat and the man starts to tell his story.他們聊起天來(lái)，該男子開(kāi)始講述他的故事。

have a chat 聊天

Lets find a place to have a chat.我們找個(gè)地方聊一聊吧。

29. The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.第二天早晨，我要?jiǎng)由砣ノ鞑筷J蕩一番發(fā)財(cái)去。

be to do結(jié)構(gòu)的常見(jiàn)用法：

表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事。

They are to be married in October.他們打算10月結(jié)婚。

表示應(yīng)該做什么，也表示命令、禁止、義務(wù)或可能性，接近于should, must, have to等。

No one is to leave the building.任何人不得離開(kāi)大樓。

表示注定要發(fā)生的事。

Better days are soon to follow.好日子很快就會(huì)到來(lái)。

30. You couldnt have dragged Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth.你不可能把吉米拉出紐約，他認(rèn)為這是地球上唯一的地方。

couldnt/cant have done 不可能做過(guò)某事

(1) could/can have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，一般只用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。

I couldnt have left it on the bus.我不可能把它落在公共汽車上了。

(2) could have done可表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意為“過(guò)去本可以/本能夠做而實(shí)際上

未做”。

I could have won the game but decided to let her win.我本可以贏得那場(chǎng)比賽，但還是決定

讓她贏。

31. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.我們認(rèn)為在二十年以后，我們都已知天命，各成家業(yè)，至于是好是壞都無(wú)所謂了。

(1) figure that...認(rèn)為(=think that…)

Somehow, I figure that our citizens are not able to tell right from wrong.不管怎么說(shuō)，我覺(jué)得

我們的國(guó)民還不夠明辨是非。

(2) have sth done 使某事或某物被……；(主語(yǔ))遭受……

We had the machine mended just now.我們剛才請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。

32.“It sounds pretty interesting,” said the policeman.“聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣，”警察說(shuō)道。

pretty用作副詞，修飾形容詞時(shí)相當(dāng)于very。文中還出現(xiàn)過(guò)pretty big和pretty lively。

That performance was pretty impressive.那場(chǎng)表演很出色。

33. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago.當(dāng)你劃火柴點(diǎn)雪茄的時(shí)候，我看到的是一張芝加哥警方通緝犯的臉。

strike the match 劃火柴

Dont strike the match to light the cigarette.不要擦亮火柴去點(diǎn)香煙。

34. Read Bobs story after he was released from jail and answer the questions.閱讀鮑勃出獄后

的故事并回答問(wèn)題。

be released from jail 出獄

Charles has been released from jail, where he lived for two years.查理斯在監(jiān)獄里生活了兩

年，現(xiàn)在刑滿被放出來(lái)了。

35. Stepping out of jail into the cold wind, Bob, now 58, felt lost and helpless.在寒風(fēng)中走出監(jiān)

獄，現(xiàn)年58歲的鮑勃感到迷茫和無(wú)助。

step out of 從……中走出來(lái)

You can slowly and carefully step out of the elevator.你可以慢慢地小心地走出電梯。

step into 走進(jìn)......

They step into a speciality store.她們走進(jìn)了一家專賣店。

36. Was he ashamed of having a friend like me?他為有我這樣的朋友而感到羞恥嗎？

be ashamed of 為……感到羞恥

You should be ashamed of your bad manners.你應(yīng)該對(duì)自己的不禮貌感到羞恥。

37. He turned around and was surprised to find a familiar-looking man in his thirties.他轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，

驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)一名30來(lái)歲面熟的男子。

(1) turn around 轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)

Then they turn around to their friends and give a big grin.然后他們轉(zhuǎn)向朋友們，露出了大大

的笑容。

(2) be surprised to do sth.驚訝地做某事

I was surprised to see her in Japan.當(dāng)我在日本看到她時(shí)，我很是驚訝。

38. Bob shouted in surprise.鮑勃驚訝地喊道。

in surprise (=surprisingly)驚訝地

Mr. Earnshaw stared at us in surprise.恩蕭先生驚奇地盯著我們。

39. More than one description may be suitable.描述可能不止一個(gè)合適。

more than one 不止一個(gè)

What if a book has more than one author?如果一本書(shū)有不止一個(gè)作者，怎么辦？

40. Where will the ending take place?結(jié)局會(huì)發(fā)生在哪里？

take place 發(fā)生(不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))

Where did this transaction take place?這個(gè)交易在哪里發(fā)生的？

41. The more friends you have, the happier youll be.你朋友越多，就會(huì)越幸福。

the more... the more...越……就越……

The more stress you are under, the more likely you are to catch a cold.壓力越大，越有可能

患感冒。

42. Think of reasons to support your opinion and make notes.想出支持你觀點(diǎn)的理由并做筆記。

make notes 做筆記

As a student, in classes we should listen to the teacher attentively and make notes carefully.

作為一名學(xué)生，在課堂上我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽(tīng)老師講課和仔細(xì)做筆記。

43. In my opinion…我認(rèn)為……

in ones opinion 在某人看來(lái)，某人認(rèn)為

In my opinion, he did the right thing.在我看來(lái)，他那樣做是對(duì)的。

44. Thats a good point, but…好主意，但是……

Thats a good point.好主意。

Thats a good point, but its not the same thing.說(shuō)得好，可是這不一樣。

45.語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：定語(yǔ)從句（一）：關(guān)系代詞的用法

1)定語(yǔ)從句定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的句子叫做定語(yǔ)從句。在句中作定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)放在先行詞的后面。

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that(指人或物)，which(指物)，who(指人)，whom(指人)，whose(指人或物)和關(guān)系副詞when(時(shí)間), where(地點(diǎn)), why(原因)。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，既起連接作用同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。

eg. China is a great country that has about 5000 years of history.中國(guó)是一個(gè)有大約5000年

歷史的偉大國(guó)家。（作主語(yǔ)）

Could you tell me something about the places that you visited?你能告訴我一些你參觀

過(guò)的地方嗎？（作賓語(yǔ)）

注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

eg. The man who lives next to us is a policeman.住在我們隔壁的那個(gè)人是警察。

The books that are bought by my father are very useful.我爸爸買的書(shū)很有用。

2)關(guān)系代詞的用法

指物的關(guān)系代詞

which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是一項(xiàng)大多數(shù)男孩都喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

(作主語(yǔ))

This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.這就是他昨天買的那支鋼筆。(作賓語(yǔ))

that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)、

賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.來(lái)參觀這個(gè)城市的人都在這里。

Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning?我今天早上見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人在哪里?

(作賓語(yǔ))

who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

We are concerned about people who have suffered a lot in the earthquake.我們?yōu)樵诘卣?/p>

中遭受重創(chuàng)的人們而擔(dān)心。(作主語(yǔ))

Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼正是我們從廢墟中救出來(lái)的那

個(gè)人。(作賓語(yǔ))

whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略，也可用who代替。

Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.羅絲是你應(yīng)該關(guān)心的人。(作賓

語(yǔ))

whose 既可指人也可指物，表“所屬”關(guān)系，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。

I know the person whose house was totally destroyed in the earthquake.我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)人，

他的房子在地震中被徹底摧毀了。

3)宜用that不宜用which的情況：

當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.這是我吃過(guò)的最美味的食物。

當(dāng)先行詞是all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代詞或被這

些詞修飾時(shí)。

All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已經(jīng)做了。

當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the last, the same等修飾時(shí)。

The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去

求助警察。

This is the very book that I want to buy.這就是我想買的那本書(shū)。

當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。

Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things that upset us.有時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該不理

會(huì)讓我們不快的人和事。

當(dāng)主句是以who, which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。

Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?你買的書(shū)中哪一

本對(duì)我的寫作最有用？

4)宜用which不宜用that的情況：

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。

Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world.足球是一項(xiàng)有

趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)，在全世界非常受歡迎。

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。

This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived.這就是莫言曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房子。

當(dāng)先行詞本身就是that時(shí)。

That which you told him is what we want to know.你告訴他的事情就是我們想知道的。

在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一句的關(guān)系詞是that，那么另一句

的關(guān)系詞宜用which。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.讓我

給你看看我從新開(kāi)的圖書(shū)館借來(lái)的小說(shuō)。

5)宜用who不宜用that的情況：

當(dāng)先行詞是指人的不定代詞時(shí)，如one, ones, anyone, no one, nobody, anybody, none, all等。

Is there anyone in your class who is good at singing?你們班有人擅長(zhǎng)唱歌嗎？

在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)。

There is a young lady who is in a state of shock.有位年輕女士休克了。

當(dāng)先行詞是people, those時(shí)。

People who want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first.想要出國(guó)旅行的人應(yīng)

該先申請(qǐng)護(hù)照。

一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句且先行詞都為人時(shí)，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是

that，另一個(gè)宜用who。

The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.昨晚你遇到的

那個(gè)男孩就是那個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)非常努力的組長(zhǎng)。

6)關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

as既可指人也可指物。在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。它常用于the same...as...,

such...as..., as不能省略。

Ill buy the same dictionary as you have.我要買和你的一樣的詞典。

Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up his foolish plan.我們給出的這些理由可以說(shuō)服他放棄他的愚蠢計(jì)劃。

as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。從句可放在主句前、主句后或主

句中間。

As you know, she is a stubborn girl, and I cant persuade her to change her mind.你知道，

她是一個(gè)倔強(qiáng)的女孩，我不能說(shuō)服她改變主意