GRE argument機械地背模板不能解決問題。

一大早給在美國的學生上完GRE argument的課，學生思維上的問題比較典型，寫篇文章給大家分享。

首先，需要了解argument的特征，它是ETS設計的一個情景，相當于我要做一個決定，把自己的理由擺了出來。 初步看的時候都挺合理，但是如果細致分析，會發(fā)現這理由不是很靠譜。 具體舉個例子。

“Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age of nine participated in youth-league sports, over 40,000 of these young players suffered injuries. When interviewed for a recent study, youth-league soccer players in several major cities also reported psychological pressure exerted by coaches and parents to win games. Furthermore, education experts say that long practice sessions for these sports take away time that could be used for academic activities. Since the disadvantages outweigh any advantages, we in Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine.”

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

首先，學生遇到的第一個問題是，雖然能讀懂文章，但是不知道如何下手分析。我們試了一個很方便的方法，就是把所有的句子拆開來，單獨整理一下，然后挑挑刺，想象哪些情況他可能不成立。

【1】Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age of nine participated in youth-league sports, over 40,000 of these young players suffered injuries.

參加youth league 的9歲以下兒童中有4萬人受傷。

【2】When interviewed for a recent study, youth-league soccer players in several major cities also reported psychological pressure exerted by coaches and parents to win games.

youth league 足球運動員再一次采訪中說承受來自教練和父母的心理壓力。

【3】Furthermore, education experts say that long practice sessions for these sports take away time that could be used for academic activities.

教育專家說運動占用了學習時間。

【4】Since the disadvantages outweigh any advantages, we in Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine.”

【結論】應該停止9歲以下兒童所有的有組織的體育比賽項目。

把這些句子合在一起，整理一下，就變成一個argument

然后就可以逐個分析他們的問題，比如

【premise 1】參加youth league 的9歲以下兒童中有4萬人受傷?！咀髡叩呐袛嗍且驗檫@么多人受傷，所以應該停止體育比賽；這個結論基于一個前提：受傷這4萬人受的傷非常嚴重/ 或者4萬人證明受傷比例很大/或者受傷人數是上升的；】

【premise 2】youth league 足球運動員再一次采訪中說承受來自教練和父母的心理壓力?！究赡茏闱蜻@個運動本身群眾基礎大、經濟利益大、事關重大、競爭激烈、團隊合作要求高等等導致足球運動員的壓力尤其大，而其他的運動，比如臺球，高爾夫球，就沒太多比賽壓力】

【premise 3】教育專家說運動占用了學習時間?！緦＜铱孔V嗎？運動花時間就占用學習時間嗎？運動對學習可能有促進作用呢，比如分泌多巴胺，提高學習狀態(tài)，有助于大腦健康，提高耐力等等】。

【結論】應該停止9歲以下兒童所有的有組織的體育比賽項目。 【真的嗎？】

【premise 1】參加youth league 的9歲以下兒童中有4萬人受傷。作者的前提是

1. （盡管提到受傷的數量，但是作者結論還是依賴于傷重情況。）

2. 假設：事故嚴重到要禁止所有運動。（提綱）

3. 但是，這個假設不一定對。

4. 原因1：不是所有運動都有傷害。

5. 原因2：即使受傷，也不一定嚴重。

6. 原因3：有的傷與運動本身無關。

7. 原因4：40000人占比很少，或者相比之前，受傷人數已經在減少。

8. 原因5：相比于不運動的學生，40000人已經很少

具體寫成什么樣子？

To begin with, while the author mentions the number of injuries, the validity of the author’s conclusion highly relies on the severity of the injuries.

Here, the author implicitly assumes that such injuries were so severe as to put an end on all kinds of sports in P.

However, this assumption is not necessarily true.

3分：符合Direction

First, not all kinds of sports can lead to serious physical injuries.

3.5：指出邏輯缺陷

Intellectual games, such as the chess, do not require physical contact, in spite of their competitiveness.

4分：給出例子

Second, the injuries were probably not serious.

Perhaps, the majority of the 40,000 cases were small cuts and bruises.

Third, some of the injuries may not be the result of sports.

Most of the injuries may be caused by campus bully or traffic accidents.

5分：足夠的邏輯缺陷+例子+嚴密的論證

Forth, while the 40,000 cases seem astonishing, this number provides no evidence to stop all kinds of sports for children under nine, because this figure may account for only a small portion of the total population of the children in the country, or, comparing with the number of injuries when the youth-league sports activity has not been initiated, 40,000 has been a marked decline in injuries.

Finally, comparing with the children who were not part of the youth-league sports, the severity of the injuries was not that large. If any of the aforementioned scenarios turns out to be true, the author’s assumption will be seriously weakened and the proposal will be undermined.

我覺得大家會在挑刺這個階段走太遠，太細致，或者想偏了，需要通過辯論，把邏輯想明白，另外，再成文的過程中，會有些表達需要積累下，不是大事兒，簡簡單單！