初中英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)歸納解析(二十一)
1. fill/ full
Ⅰ.fill為及物動(dòng)詞,表“使……滿”,常與介詞with搭配,表達(dá)“被……充滿”時(shí)用be filled with結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
① The bottle is filled with water. 這只瓶子裝滿了水。
② He was filled with joy at the news. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息,他內(nèi)心充滿了喜悅。
Ⅱ.full是形容詞,多作表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài),常見(jiàn)于be full of 結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
① The schoolbag is full of books. 書(shū)包里裝滿了書(shū)。
② He drew in an old badsket full of sand.他撈上來(lái)一個(gè)灌滿泥沙的舊籃子。
[注]:be filled with = be full of .可以互換。但介詞with與of 不能混淆。如:
The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people.
2. final/ last
Ⅰ.final表終止或結(jié)束之意,有時(shí)帶有決定性或結(jié)論性等意味。如:
① Today is the final day of this term. 今天是本學(xué)期的最后一天。
② We shall know the final results of the elections tomorrow. 明天我們將知道選舉的最后結(jié)果。
Ⅱ.last “最后的、末尾的”指按次序的前后或時(shí)間的先后居于最后,并意味著后面不再有了。如:
① My house stands in the last row.
② He was the last one to enter.
3. finally/ at last/ in the end
這三個(gè)都可以作“最后”講,但用法不同。
Ⅰ.finally表動(dòng)作的發(fā)生順序是在“最后”,無(wú)感情色彩,只用于過(guò)去時(shí),它居句首時(shí)較多。
Ⅱ.at last 表經(jīng)過(guò)一定曲折之后某事才發(fā)生,強(qiáng)調(diào)努力的結(jié)果,帶有較強(qiáng)的感情色彩,須用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
Ⅲ.in the end 表事物發(fā)展的自然順序的“終結(jié)”,有時(shí)或與 finally相互替換,但用于對(duì)將來(lái)的預(yù)測(cè),則只能用in the end。如:
① Did the man in the shop understand him at last?
② Finally he went to see the famous man himself.
③ I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.
4. famous as / famous for
Ⅰ. (be) famous as “以(某種身份)……出名(著名)”as后跟人賓語(yǔ)往往與主語(yǔ)同位。如:
① She is famous as a poet. 他以一名詩(shī)人而著名。
② The town is famous as a car-making place. 該城鎮(zhèn)以制造汽車而聞名。
Ⅱ. (be) famouse for “困……而聞名(馳名)”表示由于某種特征而出名,for后的賓語(yǔ)一般為主語(yǔ)人從屬內(nèi)容。如:
① China has been famous for its silk. 中國(guó)素以絲綢聞名。
② This city is famous for its big gambling resort. 該市因其大賭場(chǎng)而馳名。
5. fix/ mend/ repair
Ⅰ. 這三個(gè)詞都可譯為“修理”,但fix 一詞在美語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用更廣泛。fix 和repair 一樣,都表示使受到一定損壞或失靈的東西恢復(fù)其性狀或機(jī)能,如“修理、安裝”鐘表、收音機(jī)、照相機(jī)、電視機(jī)、汽車和機(jī)床等大型物體。repair 還可以用于修筑堤壩、道路和建筑等。如:

Ⅱ mend 一般用于“修補(bǔ)”破損的東西使其恢復(fù)原樣,一般指較小之物。如衣服、鞋襪、傘和桌椅等。如:

6. foolish/ silly / stupid
Ⅰ.foolish 的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,指顯得缺乏判斷力或普通常識(shí)的人或言行等。如:
① How foolish of you to condent!你竟會(huì)同意,多么愚蠢??!
② Don’t be so foolish. 別那么傻。
③ He is a foolish man to throw away such a chance. 他放棄這樣的機(jī)會(huì)真是個(gè)傻瓜。
Ⅱ.silly的意思是“愚蠢的、傻的”,表示愚蠢到了極點(diǎn),以致令人發(fā)笑或輕視,它還常常表示沒(méi)有意思、無(wú)聊等意義。如:
① How silly of you to do that! 你竟做那件事,多么愚蠢?。?/p>
② That is a silly story. 那是一個(gè)無(wú)聊的故事。
Ⅲ.stupid的意思是“愚蠢的、笨的”,指智力差,覺(jué)察理解力、學(xué)習(xí)能力等差。它有時(shí)可與foolish或silly通用,但其意味最強(qiáng)。如:
① He is a stupid person. 他是個(gè)蠢人。
② How stupid of him to overlook such an obvious mistake. 如此明顯的錯(cuò)誤他居然都沒(méi)有看出來(lái),多么愚蠢呀!
7. for short/ short for
Ⅰ.for short意為“簡(jiǎn)稱”、“縮寫(xiě)”,是介詞詞組,常用作狀語(yǔ),如:
① The teacher told Tom to write the text for short. 老師要湯姆縮寫(xiě)課文。
Ⅱ.short for意為“是。。。 。。。的縮寫(xiě)”與be 動(dòng)詞連用,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ),如:
① “There’re” is short for “there are”.
8. from now on/ from then on
from now on“從現(xiàn)在起”,是以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)延續(xù)下去,謂語(yǔ)通常用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。from then on“從那時(shí)起”,是以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)延續(xù)下來(lái),謂語(yǔ)通常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。如:
① She is going to live with you from now on. 從現(xiàn)在起我將刻苦學(xué)習(xí)。
② From then on, he hasn’t seen his uncle again. 從那以后他再也沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)他叔叔了。
9. game/ match/ race/ sport
Ⅰ. game 主要指決定勝負(fù)的游戲,通常有一套規(guī)則,凡參加者均須遵守。如:
① After a game on the wports field they often become good friends. 他們?cè)谶\(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)比賽之后,常常變成了好朋友。
[注]:說(shuō)“比賽”, 在英國(guó)通常用match,在美國(guó)通常用game.另外game 的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般指大型的國(guó)際比賽或綜合性體育運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。如:the Olympic Games 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
Ⅱ.match 表示相互間正式的體育比賽、球類比賽,英國(guó)人常用。
① They are going to have a volleyball match.他們將進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)排球賽。
Ⅲ. race 主要用于賽跑、賽車等速度比賽。如:
① Who can win the relay race, Class 3 or Class 4?誰(shuí)能贏這場(chǎng)接力賽,三班還是四班?
Ⅳ. sport 多指戶外的游戲或娛樂(lè)活動(dòng),如打球,跳高,游泳,釣魚(yú),打獵,賽馬和拳術(shù)等。如:
① Swimming is his favourite sport.游泳是他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。
② Skating is one of the winter sports. 滑冰是一個(gè)冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。
[注]復(fù)數(shù)形式sports可指運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。如:
③ He created a new record in high-jump at our school sports.在我們學(xué)校的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上,他創(chuàng)造了跳高新紀(jì)錄。
10. gift/ present
Ⅰ.gift“禮物”指較正式的禮物。如:
The watch was a gift from his father.
Ⅱ.present往往與gift通用,但不如gift正式。如:
① I’m buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely. 我買(mǎi)這東西是作禮物送人的,請(qǐng)你包扎得好一點(diǎn)。
② He gave me the book as a present. 他給我這本書(shū)作為禮物。
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