第 份

第2章 代詞

代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。代詞在英語(yǔ)中的使用是很頻繁的，這是因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣中，第二次提到一些名詞時(shí)，一般用代詞代替這些名詞。

英語(yǔ)中的代詞，按其意義、特征以及在句子中的作用可分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、不定代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞和關(guān)系代詞。

典型例句：1.David bought a skateboard.（戴維買了一個(gè)滑板。）

典型例句：2.He is playing on it now.（他現(xiàn)在正在玩滑板。）

說(shuō)明：典型例句1中的名詞David，在典型例句2中用代詞He代替；a skateboard則用代詞it代替。

1.人稱代詞

1.人稱代詞概述

人稱代詞是指代人、動(dòng)物或事物的代詞，如表示“我”“你”“他”“她”“它”“我們”“你們”“他們”的詞。

人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，詳見(jiàn)下表：

2.人稱代詞的基本用法

She is my friend.（她是我的朋友。）

It’s me.（是我。）

My baby likes him very much.（我家寶寶非常喜歡他。）

（1）人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)（用主格）

I like playing basketball.（我喜歡打籃球。）

She is a good student.（她是個(gè)好學(xué)生。）

注意：如果有幾個(gè)不同的人稱同時(shí)作主語(yǔ)，且用and，or連接，人稱的習(xí)慣順序是：

單數(shù)：you，he and I復(fù)數(shù)：we，you and they

若是表示做錯(cuò)事，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，有時(shí)說(shuō)話的人會(huì)把I（我）放在第一位。

A:Who broke the window?（誰(shuí)打碎了窗戶玻璃？）

B:I and Li Ming.（我和李明。）

（2）人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)

A.人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)中常用賓格。

A:Who is there?（是誰(shuí)??？）

B:It’s me.（是我。）

B.人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)，若其后跟有who或that引導(dǎo)的從句，則可用主格，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。

It was Iwho did the cake for my mother.（是我為媽媽做的蛋糕。）

切記：I一定要大寫

無(wú)論放在句首、句中或句尾，I（我）都要大寫。

She is more excellent than I.（她比我更優(yōu)秀。）

（3）人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)（用賓格）

Do you know her?（你認(rèn)識(shí)她嗎？）

Come with me.（跟我來(lái)。）

I saw him in the supermarket.（我在超市看到他了。）

3.人稱代詞的特殊用法

It will snow tomorrow.（明天會(huì)下雪。）

They drink wine at meals in France.（法國(guó)人吃飯時(shí)喝葡萄酒。）

（1）it的特殊用法

A.一般情況下，it表示人以外的動(dòng)物或東西，是單數(shù)名詞的代詞，譯為“它”。

A:Where is you bike?（你的自行車在哪兒？）

B:It is over there.（它在那邊。）

補(bǔ)充：it有時(shí)也可指人

It’s me.Open the door,please.（是我，請(qǐng)開(kāi)門。）

B.指天氣、時(shí)間、距離等時(shí)，可用it來(lái)代替，此時(shí)it并不譯為“它”，而是作為無(wú)實(shí)際含義的主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成無(wú)人稱句。

指天氣：It was raining this morning.（今天上午一直在下雨。）

指氣候：It’s warm in this room.（這個(gè)房間很暖和。）

指時(shí)間：A:What time is it?（幾點(diǎn)了？）B:It’s ten thirty.（十點(diǎn)半了。）

指距離：A:How far is it from here to the bank?（從這兒到銀行有多遠(yuǎn)？）

B:It’s about three miles.（大約三英里。）

（2）we，you，they的特殊用法

we，you，they有時(shí)并非指特定的人，不必譯出“我們”“你們”“他們”。

We had a heavy snow yesterday.（昨天下了一場(chǎng)大雪。）

You don’t see many foreigners there.（在那兒，人們見(jiàn)不到很多外國(guó)人。）

They speak English in Canada.（在加拿大，人們說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。）

說(shuō)明：they用來(lái)表示泛指

此句中的They用來(lái)泛指，但不泛指一切人，而指不包括說(shuō)話人在內(nèi)的那些“人們”。

2.物主代詞

1.物主代詞概述

表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞，也可叫代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。

物主代詞人稱和數(shù)的變化見(jiàn)下表：

2.物主代詞的基本用法

Olivia is my foreign teacher.（奧利維亞是我的外教。）

A:Is that car yours?（那輛車是你的嗎？）B:Yes,it’s mine.（是的，是我的。）

（1）形容詞性物主代詞只可作定語(yǔ)

形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，在句中只能作定語(yǔ)。換句話中，形容詞性物主代詞后面一定要跟上一個(gè)名詞。

I like hiscar.（我喜歡他的車。）

補(bǔ)充：形容詞性物主代詞+名詞

“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”可改寫為名詞性物主代詞。

This is her doll.=This doll is hers.（這是她的玩具娃娃。）

（2）名詞性物主代詞可作主語(yǔ)

Our house is here,and theirs is there.（我們的房子在這兒，他們的在那兒。）

（3）名詞性物主代詞可作表語(yǔ)

A:Whose car is this?（這是誰(shuí)的車？）B:It’s hers(=her car).（是她的。）

A:Is that car yours?（那輛車是你的嗎？）B:Yes,it’s mine.（是的，它是我的。）

（4）名詞性物主代詞可作賓語(yǔ)

Let’s clean their room first and ours(=our room) later.

（先打掃他們的房間，再打掃我們的。）

I have lost my dictionary.Would you please lend me yours?

（我的字典丟了，請(qǐng)把你的借給我好嗎？）

注意：

句型：a/an/this/that/some/no等+名詞+of+名詞性所有格

They like this lovely child of yours.（他們喜歡你家的小寶貝。）

A friend of ours is coming soon.（我們的一個(gè)朋友馬上就來(lái)。）

That watch of hers is beautiful.（她的那塊表很漂亮。）

（暗示她有許多塊表）

比較：形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別：

This is mybook.（這是我的書(shū)。）

形容詞性物主代詞 名詞（my后面必須加名詞）

This book is mine.（這本書(shū)是我的。）

名詞 名詞性物主代詞（mine后面不可加名詞）

切記：冠詞a之后不能加所有格

冠詞a/an/the和this，that，some等詞后不能加所有格。

（?）a friend of mine 我的一位朋友

（×）a my friend

3.指示代詞

1.指示代詞概述

表示“這個(gè)”“那個(gè)”“這些”“那些”等指示概念的代詞叫指示代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。

2.指示代詞的基本用法

指示代詞在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。

This is my doll.That is Mary’s.（這是我的洋娃娃，那是瑪麗的。）

（1）指示代詞作主語(yǔ)

This is a good idea.（這是個(gè)好主意。）=This idea is good.（這個(gè)主意不錯(cuò)。）

（2）指示代詞作表語(yǔ)

What he wants is that/this.（他想要的是那個(gè)/這個(gè)。）

（3）指示代詞作賓語(yǔ)

You like this but I like that.（你喜歡這個(gè)，而我卻喜歡那個(gè)。）

（4）指示代詞作定語(yǔ)

What is the use of those books?（那些書(shū)有什么用處呢？）

3.指示代詞的特殊用法

The history of China is as interesting as that of America.

（中國(guó)的歷史和美國(guó)的歷史一樣有趣。）

Did you know this?（你知道這件事嗎？）

（1）that，those的替代

為了避免重復(fù)，可用that，those代替前面提到過(guò)的事物，但是this，these一般不可用于這種代替。

The weather in Kunming is better than that(=the weather) in Beijing.（北京的天氣不如昆明好。）

The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those(=the radios) made in Tianjin.

（上海生產(chǎn)的收音機(jī)和天津生產(chǎn)的一樣好。）

His interest are different fromthose(=the interests) of his childhood.

（他的興趣和童年時(shí)代不同了。）

說(shuō)明：A is different from B in...表示“A與B在……方面不同”。

She is different from her twin sister in character.

她和她的雙胞胎妹妹性格不同。

（2）this，that的替代

this，that有時(shí)可代替句子或句中的一部分。

She was ill.That’s why she didn’t come here. 她病了，那就是她沒(méi)來(lái)這兒的原因。

（這句話中的that作主語(yǔ)，代替前面講到的原因，即：She was ill.）

He broke the window,and that cost him 15 dollars.

他打破了窗玻璃，那（打破玻璃這件事）花費(fèi)了他15美元。

補(bǔ)充：this和these一般用來(lái)指下面將要講到的事物。

Don’t be too excited when you hear this.（聽(tīng)了這個(gè)你不要激動(dòng)。）

4.反身代詞

1.反身代詞概述

表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我們自己”“你們自己”和“他們自己”等的代詞，叫反身代詞（有些語(yǔ)法書(shū)也稱為“自身代詞”）。

2.反身代詞的種類

英語(yǔ)中反身代詞由人稱代詞或物主代詞加后綴-self或-selves構(gòu)成，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

詳見(jiàn)下表：

3.反身代詞的用法

You may go and ask the teacher himself.（你可以去問(wèn)老師本人。）

Gloria learned how to protect herself in diving.

（格洛麗亞學(xué)會(huì)了如何在潛水時(shí)保護(hù)自己。）

（1）反身代詞作同位語(yǔ)

反身代詞用作同位語(yǔ)以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)“本人，自己”，在句中的位置較靈活。

He cooked it himself.=He himself cooked it.（他自己做的飯。）

I spoke to the boss himself.（我是對(duì)老板本人講的。）

（2）反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)

反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作返回到動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者本身，即主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是指同一個(gè)或同一些人或物。

Jane saw herself in the mirror.（簡(jiǎn)在鏡子中看見(jiàn)了她自己。）

比較：如果是人稱代詞的賓格作賓語(yǔ)，則主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)不是指同一個(gè)人或物。

Jane saw her in the mirror.（簡(jiǎn)在鏡子中看見(jiàn)了她。）

（her指另外一個(gè)人）

Einstein taught himself advanced maths.（愛(ài)因斯坦自學(xué)高等數(shù)學(xué)。）

（3）反身代詞作表語(yǔ)

His friend is not quite himself today.（他的朋友今天情緒有些反常。）

（4）介詞+反身代詞

Lucy said to herself, “Where am I?”（露西自言自語(yǔ)道：“我在哪兒呢？”）

I went to the supermarket by himself.（我一個(gè)人去超市了。）

（意思是“我獨(dú)自一個(gè)人在沒(méi)有別人的幫助下去的那兒”。by oneself相當(dāng)于alone或without help）

比較：I went to the supermarket myself.（我親自去的超市。）

（強(qiáng)調(diào)不需要?jiǎng)e人去，我自己去的）

注意：反身代詞的構(gòu)成

第一、二人稱是：形容詞性物主代詞+self（或selves）

第三人稱是：人稱代詞的賓格+self（或selves）

切記：反身代詞短語(yǔ)

5.相互代詞

1.相互代詞的形式

相互代詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在它所涉及的各個(gè)對(duì)象間是相互存在的。

2.相互代詞的用法

（1）相互代詞作賓語(yǔ)

We help each other/one another.（我們互相幫助。）

Don’t talk to each other/one another.（不要互相說(shuō)話。）

補(bǔ)充：在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，each other和one another都指代兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，可以互換使用。

Tom and Paul are passing to each other.（湯姆和保羅正在互相傳球。）

說(shuō)明：each other是介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。

We don’t often see each other now.（我們現(xiàn)在不常見(jiàn)面了。）

注意：有些中文在字面上沒(méi)有“互相”“彼此”等字，但譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)需要用each other（互相、彼此）。

（2）所有格形式作定語(yǔ)

We should point out each other’s/one another’s shortcomings.

（我們應(yīng)該指出彼此的缺點(diǎn)。）

They know each other’s favourite(s).（他們了解彼此的愛(ài)好。）

6.不定代詞

1.不定代詞概述

不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫不定代詞。常見(jiàn)的不定代詞有all，both，each，every，some，any，many，much，(a)few，(a)little，one，ones，either，neither，other，another，no，none以及含有some-，any-，no-等的復(fù)合不定代詞（如：something，anybody，nobody）。

這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。但是none和由some-，any-，no-，every+thing/body/one構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞（如somebody等）只能作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

2.one的用法

one具有名詞和形容詞性質(zhì)，表示“一個(gè)”的意思；既可指人，也可指物。one在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。

（1）one和ones的一般用法

One（指人，作主語(yǔ)）should try one’s best to serve the people.

（一個(gè)人應(yīng)該盡最大努力為人民服務(wù)。）

A:Look at that boy!（看那個(gè)男孩?。?/p>

B:Which one（指人）?

A:The one（指人）wearing a blue sweater.（穿著藍(lán)色毛衣的那個(gè)。）

Which boxes are bigger,these ones（指物，=these boxes）or those ones（指物）?

（哪些盒子更大一些，這些還是那些？）

I’ve been looking for a pencil,but I can’t find one（指物，作賓語(yǔ)）.

（我一直在找一支鉛筆，可是找不到。）

One（主語(yǔ)）should not praise oneself（賓語(yǔ)）.

（人不應(yīng)該炫耀自己。）

（2）one和ones用來(lái)代替

one和ones可用來(lái)代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的可數(shù)名詞（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)），以避免重復(fù)。

A:Look!There are many pictures.（看！有很多幅畫(huà)。）

B:Which one(=picture) do you like best?（你最喜歡哪一幅？）

B:Which ones(=pictures) do you like best?（你最喜歡哪幾幅？）

補(bǔ)充：one和ones指的都是同類異物。one代替單數(shù)，ones代替復(fù)數(shù)。

A:Do you have a USB disk?（你有U盤嗎？）

B:Yes,I have one.（是的，我有一個(gè)。）

This cup is dirty;please give me another one.

（這個(gè)杯子不干凈，請(qǐng)給我另外一個(gè)。）

I like small cars better than large ones.

（我喜歡小型汽車勝過(guò)喜歡大型汽車。）

（3）one和ones的修飾詞

one的前面可用the，this，that，which等詞修飾，同時(shí)one和ones還可以用形容詞來(lái)修飾。

There are three packs,which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the trunk?

（這兒有三個(gè)背包，哪一個(gè)是你的？這個(gè)，那個(gè)，還是在后備箱里的那個(gè)？）

I have an old bike,and she has a new one.（我有輛舊自行車，她有輛新的。）

The highlighter is blue.Will you please give me a red one?

（這支熒光筆是藍(lán)色的。請(qǐng)給我一支紅色的好嗎？）

The highlighters are blue.Will you please pass me some red ones?

（這些熒光筆是藍(lán)色的。請(qǐng)遞給我?guī)字Ъt色的好嗎？）

補(bǔ)充：own后面不用one

My shoes don’t fit you;you’d better wear your own.

（你穿我的鞋不合適，你最好還是穿你自己的。）

（4）關(guān)于one的注意事項(xiàng)

A.數(shù)詞one指數(shù)字“一”，代詞one代替前面提到過(guò)的人或物。

I have one（數(shù)詞）present,but she has three.It’s unfair.

（我有一個(gè)禮物，但是她有三個(gè)。這不公平。）

This is not the one（代詞）I want.（這不是我想要的那一個(gè)。）

B.it，one和that在用法上的不同

（1）it用來(lái)指特定的東西，復(fù)數(shù)形式用they或them。

A:May I use your basketball?（我可以用你的籃球嗎？）

B:Sure,you can use it(=the basketball).（當(dāng)然，你用吧。）

補(bǔ)充：it只能用來(lái)指物，它所指的特定東西是前面提到過(guò)的某物，即指代的是同類同物。

A:May I use your books?（我可以用你的書(shū)嗎？）

B:Sure,you can use them(=the books).（當(dāng)然，你用吧。）

說(shuō)明：sure還可以用of course或certainly替換。

（2）one代替前面提到過(guò)的人或物，不表示特指，特指需加限定詞the，this等。

A:Can you lend me your pen?（能把你的鋼筆借給我嗎？）

B:I’m sorry,I haven’t got one（不特指）.（很抱歉，我沒(méi)有。）

說(shuō)明：one=a pen，是泛指一支鋼筆，是同類（鋼筆）但不同物。

A:Which one does she prefer?（她喜歡哪一個(gè)？）

B:This one（特指）on the right.（右邊的那個(gè)。）

（3）that代表一個(gè)對(duì)等部分，復(fù)數(shù)形式用those。

The weather in Beijing is colder than that(=the weather) in Guangzhou.

（北京的天氣比廣州要寒冷。）

注意：此句中的weather是不可數(shù)名詞，只能用單數(shù)that。

C.one的各種形式

one的所有格形式是one’s，反身代詞是oneself，但只有當(dāng)one作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子中才能使用one’s或oneself。

One must do one’s duty.（人必須盡自己的職責(zé)。）

One should look after oneself.（人應(yīng)該自己照顧自己。）

3.some，any，no及其合成詞的用法

I have some money in my pocket,but it is not enough.Do you have any?

（我口袋里有一些錢，但不夠。你還有些嗎？）

（1）some，any的基本用法

some，any可與單、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句中，譯為“一些”；any一般用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。

I have some story books.（我有一些故事書(shū)。）

There is some milk in the glass.（杯子里有一些牛奶。）

You can ask me if you have any questions.

=You can ask me if you have some questions.（條件句）

（你有任何問(wèn)題，都可以問(wèn)我。）

說(shuō)明：在條件句中用any，some都可以。

I haven’t any money.(=I have no money.)

Do you have any?（我一分錢都沒(méi)有了，你有嗎？）

There aren’t any lemons on the table.

=There are no lemons on the table.（桌子上沒(méi)有檸檬。）

I don’t want any of you to get lost.（我不想讓你們?nèi)魏我粋€(gè)人走失。）

補(bǔ)充：not...any=no...。any在否定句、疑問(wèn)句中不必譯出來(lái)。

（2）由some，any構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法

I have something important（形容詞）to tell you.（我有重要的事告訴你。）

There isn’t anything wrong（形容詞）with the computer.（這臺(tái)電腦一點(diǎn)兒毛病也沒(méi)有。）

He doesn’t know anything about it.

=He knows nothing about it.（關(guān)于這件事，他什么都不知道。）

Anybody can do it.（任何人都可以做這件事。）

（anybody在肯定句中加強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)氣，意為“不論誰(shuí)，任何人”）

注意：something，anything，nothing有形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞要放在它們的后面。

（3）some，any的特殊用法

A.在疑問(wèn)句中，一般不用some。

只有當(dāng)問(wèn)句表示一種邀請(qǐng)或者請(qǐng)求，或期待一個(gè)肯定的回答時(shí)才能用some。

Will you have some coffee?（你想喝咖啡嗎？）表示邀請(qǐng)

Would you like some more coffee?（你們還要些咖啡嗎？）表示邀請(qǐng)

Haven’t you forgotten something?（你難道沒(méi)忘記什么事嗎？）

這表示問(wèn)者肯定知道被問(wèn)者忘了什么東西，所以用something

Did somebody call me this morning?（今天上午有人給我打電話吧？）

這表示問(wèn)者猜測(cè)或確定應(yīng)該有人打過(guò)電話來(lái)找自己

重要：something，anything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Has anything happened to her during the war?（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中她出什么事了嗎？）

Something is wrong with the TV set.（電視機(jī)出毛病了。）

比較：Is there anything to eat?（有什么吃的嗎？）不知道有沒(méi)有，只是問(wèn)一問(wèn)

Is there something to eat?（有一些吃的吧？）希望有，而且斷定會(huì)有

B.在否定句中，some表示部分否定，any表示全部否定。

He doesn’t know some of you.（他只認(rèn)識(shí)你們中的一些人。）表示他不全認(rèn)識(shí)你們

He doesn’t know any of you.（他不認(rèn)識(shí)你們。）表示全都不認(rèn)識(shí)

重要：some和any不能直接與人稱代詞連用，需要先加介詞of，再跟人稱代詞賓格。

C.some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前時(shí)，表示“某個(gè)”，而不是“一些”。

This morning some girl asked for you.（今天上午，有個(gè)女孩要求見(jiàn)你。）

There must be some reason for what she’s done.（她做這些事，肯定有某種原因。）

I was reading when suddenly someone knocked at the door.

（我正在看書(shū)，突然有人敲門。）

補(bǔ)充：some在此處表示未知的或說(shuō)話者不特別說(shuō)明的人或物。

（4）no，none及由no構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法

A.no的用法

no后面可跟可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定，相當(dāng)于“not+any或者not+a”等。

（?）So far,no man has travelled farther than the moon.

（到目前為止，沒(méi)人到過(guò)比月球還遠(yuǎn)的地方。）

（×）So far,any person hasn’t travelled farther than the moon.

（×）So far,no man hasn’t travelled farther than the moon.

We’ve no good friends here.

=We’ve not any good friends here.

=We’ve not a good friend here.（在這兒，我們一個(gè)好朋友也沒(méi)有。）

There are no mangoes on the desk.

=There is no mango on the desk.

=There aren’t any mangoes on the desk.

=There isn’t a mango on the desk.（桌子上沒(méi)有芒果。）

說(shuō)明：mango是可數(shù)名詞，可用四種句式來(lái)表示同一種含義。

There is no water in it.

=There isn’t any water in it.（里面沒(méi)有水。）

說(shuō)明：water是不可數(shù)名詞，只能用這兩種句式來(lái)表示。

B.none的用法

與no不同，none后面不能直接跟名詞，它可以單獨(dú)使用（主要用于回答How many或How much問(wèn)句），也常和of連用；none既可指人也可指物。

A:How much bread is there?（有多少面包？）

（?）B:None.=No bread.（一片也沒(méi)有了。）

（×）B:None bread.

A:How many students went here?（有多少學(xué)生去那兒了？）

（?）B:None.=No students.=Not a student.

（?）B:None of the students went there.（一個(gè)學(xué)生也沒(méi)去。）

（×）B:None students.

（×）B:Any student didn’t go there.

補(bǔ)充：none既可以指代可數(shù)名詞，又可以指代不可數(shù)名詞。none指可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，譯為“沒(méi)有一個(gè)人或物”；指不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，譯為“沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)兒……”。

None of them/the shoes were the right size.（沒(méi)有一雙鞋的號(hào)碼適合我。）

English is the first language in none of these countries.

=English isn’t the first language in any of these countries.

（英語(yǔ)在這些國(guó)家里都不是母語(yǔ)。）

切記：表示“某人的母語(yǔ)”

one’s first language=one’s native language=one’s mother tongue 某人的母語(yǔ)

C.none可以指人或物；no one=nobody，只能指人。

A:Who does he like?（他喜歡誰(shuí)？）

B:No one/None.（他誰(shuí)也不喜歡。）

（?）None of the T-shirts is clean.（哪件T恤都不干凈。）

（×）No one of the T-shirts is clean.

D.合成代詞nothing，nobody一般作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。nothing被形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞要放在它的后面。

補(bǔ)充：nothing=not+anything（指物）

nobody=not+anybody（指人）

no one=not+anyone（指人）

（?）Nothing is serious.

（?）There is nothing serious.

（?）There isn’t anything serious.（沒(méi)有什么嚴(yán)重的。）

（×）Anything isn’t serious.

Nobody went to see him.（沒(méi)人去看他。）

（5）no，some和any及其合成詞用法上的區(qū)別

A.no及其合成詞nobody，nothing是否定詞，表示否定含義。

Nobody remembered his name.（沒(méi)人能記起他的名字。）

He said nothing.（他什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。）

B.some及somebody，something表示肯定含義時(shí)，用在肯定句中；但表示請(qǐng)求、客氣的詢問(wèn)時(shí)，也可用在疑問(wèn)句中。

There is somebody who wants to speak to you.（有人要同你講話。）

Would you like something to eat?（你想吃些什么嗎？）

C.any及其合成詞anybody，anything一般用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。

Does anybody else want to go?（還有別的人要去嗎？）

Do you have anything else to say?（你還有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？）

I don’t know anything about her.

=I know nothing about her.（她的事，我一點(diǎn)也不知道。）

（?）There isn’t anything wrong with the radio.

（?）Nothing is wrong with the radio.（這臺(tái)收音機(jī)沒(méi)什么毛病。）

（×）Anything isn’t wrong with the radio.

（6）no，some和any構(gòu)成的合成詞與不定式的連用

由no，some和any構(gòu)成的合成詞nothing，nobody，no one，something，somebody，someone，anything，anybody，anyone等可與不定式連用。

She has nothing to do and has nobody to talk to.

（她沒(méi)什么事可做，也沒(méi)什么人可交談。）

I’ve something important to do.（我有些重要的事要去做。）

Does he have anything to say?（他有什么事要說(shuō)嗎？）

注意：some，any和no構(gòu)成的這些復(fù)合詞與形容詞連用時(shí)，要放在形容詞之前。

There is nothing interesting here.（這里沒(méi)什么有趣的事。）

4.other，another的用法

（1）other和the other的用法

A.the other作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

the other表示兩個(gè)中的一個(gè)，常與one連用，即“one...the other...”。

He has two pairs of sneakers;one is Nike shoes,(and) the other is Adidas.

（他有兩雙運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋，一雙是耐克鞋，另一雙是阿迪達(dá)斯的。）

There are only two baseball caps left.I don’t like this one.Will you please show me the other?

（只剩下兩個(gè)棒球帽了。我不喜歡這一個(gè)，請(qǐng)給我另一個(gè)好嗎？）

B.“other+名詞”相當(dāng)于others，意為“別的……”。

What other things(=others) can you see?（你還看見(jiàn)了什么？）

Some boys are reading books,other boys(=others) are watching TV.

（有的男孩在看書(shū)，有的在看電視。）表示可能還有一些在干別的

Last Wednesday,some students went to the Great Wall,other students(=others) stayed at home.

（上周三，一些同學(xué)去了長(zhǎng)城，一些同學(xué)呆在家里。）

表示可能還有一些同學(xué)既沒(méi)去長(zhǎng)城，也沒(méi)呆在家里，而是在進(jìn)行其他活動(dòng)

C.“the other+名詞”相當(dāng)于the others，意為“其余的……”，相當(dāng)于the rest。

There are thirty students in our class.Twenty are girls.The other students(=The others) are boys.

（我們班有三十名學(xué)生，二十名是女孩，其余的是男孩。）

說(shuō)明：只有男孩或女孩兩種選擇，所以只能用the other+名詞（=the others）。

D.“other+名詞”與“the other+名詞”的用法比較

Some of the colour pencils are red.The others(=The other colour pencils) are blue.

（有些彩色鉛筆是紅的，其余的都是藍(lán)的。）

the others表示除了紅和藍(lán)，沒(méi)有別的顏色

Some of the pencils are orange,others(=other pencils) are blue.

（有些鉛筆是橘色的，還有一些是藍(lán)色的。）

others表示可能還有一些筆是別的顏色，如綠色、黃色等

He may fall behind the other students(=the others/the rest) when he comes back.

（當(dāng)他回來(lái)時(shí)，他可能落在最后面了。）

表明他可能落在其他所有同學(xué)的后面，是最后一名了

He may fall behind other students(=others) when he comes back.

（當(dāng)他回來(lái)時(shí)，他可能落在后面了。）

表明他只是落后，不一定是最后一名

There are thirty students in our class.Twenty are from Beijing.Others are from Shanghai.

（我們班有三十名學(xué)生，其中二十名來(lái)自北京，還有來(lái)自上海的。）

暗示其余十名學(xué)生不只是來(lái)自上海，還可能來(lái)自南京、杭州等

There are thirty students in our class.Twenty are from Beijing.The others

are from Shanghai.

（我們班有三十名學(xué)生，其中二十名來(lái)自北京，其余的全來(lái)自上海。）

暗示其余的十名學(xué)生全都來(lái)自上海

Eight of us have passed the test.The others haven’t.

（我們之中八人考試及格，其余的人都沒(méi)及格。）

只有及格、不及格兩種可能

（2）another的用法

another（=an other）意為“別的、另一個(gè)”，泛指眾多中的一個(gè)，可單獨(dú)使用，也可后接單數(shù)名詞或代詞one，前面不能加定冠詞。

This book is too difficult for him.Will you please give him another（定語(yǔ)）one(=another book)?

（這本書(shū)對(duì)他而言太難了，可以給他另一本嗎？）

補(bǔ)充：有時(shí)another可用在“數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”前，譯為“再、又”。

You may stay for another three days.（你可以再住三天。）

I don’t like this one.Show me another（賓語(yǔ)）.

（我不喜歡這個(gè)，給我看看另一個(gè)好嗎？）

I got three books:one is a dictionary,another（主語(yǔ)）is a grammar book,and the third is a self-help book.（我買了三本書(shū)，一本是字典，另一本是語(yǔ)法書(shū)，還有一本是勵(lì)志書(shū)。）

（3）another與the other的用法比較

another是指“許多中的另外一個(gè)”，而the other是指“兩個(gè)或兩部分中的另外一個(gè)或另外一部分”。

They all looked at a big and noisy machine in another corner of the machine shop.

（他們都看著在機(jī)車車間的另一個(gè)角落里的一個(gè)體積大而且噪音大的機(jī)器。）

因?yàn)榉块g里有兩個(gè)以上的角落，所以用another corner表示其中的任意一個(gè)

Now China can send its TV and radio programmes to the other side of the world.

（如今中國(guó)能夠把電視及電臺(tái)的節(jié)目發(fā)送到地球的另一邊去。）

此句中指只有兩邊，從這一邊發(fā)射到另一邊，用the other side

It’s another way of saying fast.（這是另外一種說(shuō)得快的方法。）

指有許多說(shuō)得快的方法，不止兩種，這只是其中的一種，所以用another

Make new friends but keep the old.One is silver and the other is gold.

（結(jié)識(shí)新朋友，不忘老朋友。一方是銀，另一方是金。）

指新老兩種朋友，所以只能用the other

5.all，both的用法

All of us went to the movies.（我們都去看電影了。）

Both of my parents are healthy.（我的父母都很健康。）

（1）all的用法

all代表或修飾三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物，all也可以代表或修飾不可數(shù)名詞，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。

All（主語(yǔ)）of us like to eat apples.

注意：“all of+人稱代詞賓格”中的of不能省略，即all的后面不能直接跟人稱代詞。

=We all（同位語(yǔ)）like to eat apples.（我們所有的人都喜歡吃蘋果。）

All（主語(yǔ)）the oil has been used up.（所有的油都用完了。）

oil是不可數(shù)名詞

You haven’t eaten all（賓語(yǔ)）(of) the ice cream.（你的冰淇淋還沒(méi)有吃完。）

（2）both的用法

both是指“兩者都……”，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。

Both（主語(yǔ)）of his children have blue eyes.（他的兩個(gè)孩子都是藍(lán)眼睛。）

They both（同位語(yǔ)）want to go to the zoo.（他們倆都想去動(dòng)物園。）

注意：all，both的位置和頻度副詞一樣，要放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及助動(dòng)詞后；如有多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，則放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后、行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）之前。

The all/both went there.（他們幾個(gè)/兩個(gè)都去那里了。）

They were all waiting outside the gate.（他們幾個(gè)都在大門外等著。）

They were both waiting outside the gate.（他們兩個(gè)都在大門外等著。）

6.each，every的用法

（?）He has balls on each hand.（他的每個(gè)手中都有球。）

人有兩只手，只能用each

（×）He has balls on every hand.

There are flowers on each/every side of the square.（廣場(chǎng)的四周都是花。）

廣場(chǎng)有四邊，所以用each，every都可以，side要用單數(shù)

There are many trees on each side of the street.（街道兩側(cè)有許多樹(shù)。）

因?yàn)榻种挥袃蛇?，所以只能用each，不能用every

Each boy here likes football.

=Every boy here likes football.

=All the boys here like football.（這里的每個(gè)/所有男孩都喜歡足球。）

（?）Each of the rooms is big and bright.（每一個(gè)房間都寬敞明亮。）

（×）Every of the rooms is big and bright.

（?）They came here and I gave a pen to each(=every one of them).

（他們都來(lái)了，我給他們每人一支鋼筆。）

（×）They came here and I gave a pen to every.

（?）Of course,everyone/everybody likes presents.

（?）Of course,all people like presents.（當(dāng)然了，每個(gè)人都喜歡禮物。）

（×）Of course,everyone like presents.

（×）Of course,everyone people likes presents.

注意：雖然everyone在意義上代表復(fù)數(shù)，相當(dāng)于“大家”“所有的人”，但在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式；合成詞everyone/everybody等詞后不能再加名詞。

說(shuō)明：each作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)位置較靈活。

We each are praised.（同位語(yǔ)each在主語(yǔ)后面，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隨主語(yǔ)we變化）

=We are praised each.（同位語(yǔ)each放在最后）我們每個(gè)人都受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。

比較：all，every和each的區(qū)別

All countries in Asia are against the plan.

=Every country in Asia is against the plan.

=Each country(=Each of the countries) in Asia is against the plan.

（亞洲的所有國(guó)家都反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。）

7.either，neither，both的用法

（1）either，neither，both的基本用法

either，neither和both在句中都可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。用法詳見(jiàn)下表：

Either of the movies is good.（兩部電影中任何一部都不錯(cuò)。）

Neither of the movies is good.（兩部電影都不好。）

Both of the movies are good.（兩部電影都好。）

（either，neither和both作主語(yǔ)）

You can write to either of us.（你可以給我們兩個(gè)人中的任意一個(gè)人寫信。）

You can write to neither of us.（你不能給我們兩個(gè)人中的任何一個(gè)人寫信。）

You can write to both of us.（你可以給我們兩個(gè)人都寫信。）

（either，neither和both作賓語(yǔ)）

Either teacher often answers the questions.（這兩個(gè)老師中的任何一個(gè)都常常解答問(wèn)題。）

Neither teacher often answers the questions.（這兩個(gè)老師都不經(jīng)常解答問(wèn)題。）

Both teachers often answer the questions.（這兩個(gè)老師都常常解答問(wèn)題。）

（either，neither和both作定語(yǔ)）

比較：作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別

neither和either后面的名詞用單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式。

both后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

I have two sisters.Both(=Both sisters) are doctors.（我有兩個(gè)姐姐，她們倆都是醫(yī)生。）

I have two sisters.Either is a doctor.（我有兩個(gè)姐姐，其中一個(gè)是醫(yī)生。）

I have two sisters.Neither is a doctor.（我有兩個(gè)姐姐，她們倆都不是醫(yī)生。）（否定句）

Neither cup is clean,is it?（兩個(gè)杯子沒(méi)有一個(gè)是干凈的，不是嗎？）

說(shuō)明：前半部分是否定句，因此反意疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式。

Both my brother and your sister have passed the exam.

（我哥哥和你姐姐（他們兩個(gè)）都通過(guò)了考試。）

Either my brother or your sister has passed the exam.

（不是我哥哥就是你姐姐考試及格了。）

（表示他們之中的一個(gè)考試及格）

Neither my brother nor your sister has passed the exam.

（我哥哥和你姐姐（他們兩個(gè)）都沒(méi)通過(guò)考試。）

The coats were either too big or too small.（外套不是太大就是太小了。）

He was neither very big nor very strong.（他既不高大也不強(qiáng)壯。）

重要：both...and，either...or和neither...nor是固定搭配，后面兩個(gè)固定搭配的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞符合就近原則。

（2）either，neither，both，all，none的區(qū)別

either，neither，both，all，none的用法詳見(jiàn)下表：

Neither of them is right.（他們兩個(gè)都不對(duì)。）

Either of them is right.（他們兩個(gè)之中任何一個(gè)人都是對(duì)的。）

Both of them are right.（他們兩個(gè)都對(duì)。）

All of the are right.（他們?nèi)珜?duì)。）

None of them are right.（他們?nèi)粚?duì)。）

切記：all與none的用法一樣，后跟單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

8.many，much，a lot，a few，few，a little，little

many，much，a lot，a few，few，a little，little等不定代詞都可以表示數(shù)量，并且都可以修飾名詞。

比較：many/a lot (of)，a few，few修飾可數(shù)名詞；much/a lot (of)，a little，little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

many，much/a lot (of)，a few，a little表示肯定的意思；few，little組成的句子在形式上是肯定的，不能再加否定詞not，但在語(yǔ)法上它們屬于否定句，表示否定的意思。

many和much主要用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，在肯定句中多用a lot (of)或lots of。

We saw many old things on show in glass-topped tables.

=We saw a lot of/lots of old things on show in glass-topped tables.

（我們?cè)谟^賞臺(tái)的玻璃罩中看到很多古老的東西。）

（肯定句中多用a lot of或lots of而少用many）

At the party I didn’t know many people.（在聚會(huì)上我認(rèn)識(shí)的人不多。）

But they have a few small differences,too.（但是他們也還是有些不同。）

（表示有區(qū)別）

We have few differences.（我們幾乎沒(méi)有不同。）（表示沒(méi)區(qū)別）

How much money do you have?Can you lend me some?

（你有多少錢？能借給我一些嗎？）

We were all very big and strong,and they felt a little afraid of us.

（我們個(gè)個(gè)都很高大、強(qiáng)壯，他們有點(diǎn)害怕我們。）

Although we were all very big and strong,they felt little afraid of us.

（雖然我們個(gè)個(gè)又高又壯，但他們一點(diǎn)也不懼怕我們。）

There are a few minutes left,aren’t there?Don’t worry!（還有幾分鐘，不是嗎？別著急?。?/p>

There are few minutes left,are there?Hurry up!（沒(méi)有時(shí)間了，是嗎？快點(diǎn)兒?。?/p>

注意：only，even，quite，just等詞可以和a few，a little連用，而不能和few，little連用。

If you learn even a little English,you’ll find it useful after you leave school.

（哪怕只學(xué)一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)，在你離開(kāi)學(xué)校之后，你也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它是有用的。）

7.疑問(wèn)代詞和關(guān)系代詞

Who/Whom are you waiting for?（你在等誰(shuí)？）

The student who/that came first is Mary.（第一個(gè)來(lái)的學(xué)生是瑪麗。）

說(shuō)明：例1中的who/whom是用來(lái)指代人的疑問(wèn)代詞，構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，在句中作主語(yǔ)。例2中的關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

（1）疑問(wèn)代詞

疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等，在句子中用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。

（參見(jiàn)（第20章 疑問(wèn)句））

疑問(wèn)代詞都可用作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句）。

（參見(jiàn)（第21章 句子的結(jié)構(gòu)））

（2）關(guān)系代詞

關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，that，which用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

（參見(jiàn)（第21章 句子的結(jié)構(gòu)）中的定語(yǔ)從句部分）

Common Mistakes（注意！失分陷阱?。?/strong>

陷阱例題①

Don’t tell others about it.It’s only between __________.【南京中考】

A.you and I

B.you and me

C.I and our

D.me and your

句意提示：不要告訴別人這件事，這件事就你和我知道。

陷阱追擊：人稱代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用賓格形式。第一人稱代詞和第二人稱代詞作并列賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，第二人稱在前，第一人稱在后。本題容易將并列賓語(yǔ)中的后一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)誤選為主格形式，即誤選A。

正確解析：between是介詞，其后接人稱代詞的賓格形式。正確答案為B。

陷阱例題②

We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of __________.【黃岡中考】

A.us

B.our

C.ours

D.ourselves

句意提示：我們決定與我們的一些朋友一起到野外旅行。

陷阱追擊：名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。如辨別不清名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別，就會(huì)誤選。

正確解析：“……名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”表示雙重所有格。正確答案為C。

陷阱例題③

Don’t worry about the children.They can take care of __________.

A.ourselves

B.themselves

C.yourself

D.yourselves

句意提示：別擔(dān)心那些孩子，他們會(huì)照顧好自己的。

陷阱追擊：注意反身代詞必須與相應(yīng)的名詞或代詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，容易忽略性、數(shù)一致的問(wèn)題，而做出錯(cuò)誤的選擇。

正確解析：“照顧某人自己”此處需要用到反身代詞。正確答案為B。

陷阱例題④

You may drop in or just give me a call.__________ will do.

A.Either

B.Each

C.Neither

D.All

句意提示：你可以順便過(guò)來(lái)或給我打電話，隨便怎樣都可以。

陷阱追擊：不定代詞either可以表示“二者中任意一個(gè)”，具有肯定意義。如果沒(méi)有弄清語(yǔ)境中的信息是“二者”還是“三者或三者以上”，是“肯定意義”還是“否定意義”，就會(huì)誤選B，D。

正確解析：由前一句話可知，兩種情況任何一種都行。正確答案為A。

Final Check（實(shí)力測(cè)驗(yàn)）

1.用括號(hào)中適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空

1.We like __________ (he,his,him) very much.

2.Is this guitar __________ (you,your,yours,yourself)?

3.__________ (She,Her,Hers) name is Li Li.

4.Father bought a desk for __________ (I,my,me,mine).

5.I made it __________ (myself,myselves).

6.We enjoyed __________ (myself,myselves,ourselves).

7.__________ (It,It’s,Its) is very cold today.

8.A:Is this your book,Mike? B:Yes,it’s __________ (yours,mine,hers,his).

9.A:Are you and Tom classmates? B:Yes,__________ (we,you,they) are.

10.Each of the students __________ (have,has) an email address.

11.He has a dog.I want to have __________ (it,one),too.

12.Her parents are __________ (both,all,either) teachers.

13.The text is easy for you.There are __________ (few,a few,little,a little) new words in it.

14.I want __________ (some,any) bananas.Give me these big __________ (one,ones).

15.There is __________ (a little,little,a few,few) fish left.Help __________ (yourself,myself) to it.

16.They raise __________ (a little,a few) chickens and __________ (many,much,any,every) fish on the farm.

17.There isn’t __________ (some,any,every,many) fruit in the refrigerator.

18.A:__________ (Something,Nothing,Anything) is wrong with my throat.I just feel thirsty.

B:Why not have __________ (any,some,every) water?

19.A:Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?

B:If you keep still,you can sit at __________ (neither,each,either,any).

20.__________ (Every,Any,Both,Neither) student in our class—Class Two likes PE class.

21.Our teacher asks us to read English __________ (every,each,any) day in order to improve our reading skills.

22.__________ (All,Both,Every,Each) my parents are from Xi’an.

23.Is __________ (it,this,that) necessary to tell his father everything?

24.A:Is __________ (anybody,everybody,somebody,nobody) here?

B:No,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.

2.選擇填空

1.Is this __________ book?

A.you

B.I

C.she

D.your

2.It’s a bird.__________ name is Polly.

A.Its

B.It’s

C.His

D.It

3.What’s that?__________ a jeep.

A.it’s

B.Its

C.It’s

D.its

4.A:What’s that in English? B:__________.

A.It’s egg

B.That’s egg

C.It’s a egg

D.It’s an egg

5.A:Whose cat is this?Is it yours? B:Is it a white __________?

A.cat’s

B.one

C.ones

D.cats

6.__________ skirt is yours?

A.Whose

B.Where

C.How

D.Which

7.A:__________ pen is this? B:It’s Wang Fang’s.

A.Who’s

B.Whose

C.Where

D.Which

8.Kate and Mike do __________ homework in the evening.

A.one’s

B.his

C.her

D.their

9.There isn’t __________ water in the bottle.

A.any

B.some

C.no

D.a

10.This dictionary is __________.

A.my brother’s one

B.my brother’s

C.my brother one

D.my brothers ones

11.Why don’t you get __________ to read?

A.something

B.everything

C.anything

D.nothing

12.These cups are ours.Those are __________.

A.others

B.other’s

C.others’

D.other

13.I have six coloured pencils;one is blue,another is red,and __________ are green.

A.others

B.another

C.other

D.the others

14.__________ of us wanted to play the game again.

A.A great many

B.Many

C.Many a

D.A lots

15.They were all very tired,but __________ of them would stop to take a rest.

A.any

B.some

C.none

D.neither

16.A:Is your camera like Bill’s and Ann’s? B:No,but it’s almost the same as __________.

A.her

B.yours

C.them

D.their

17.Is __________ necessary to complete the design before the National Day?

A.that

B.this

C.it

D.he

18.Is __________ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?

A.now

B.man

C.that

D.it

19.I want a PSP,but I haven’t got enough money to buy __________.

A.this

B.that

C.any

D.one

20.A:Did all the students in your class pass the test? B:Some of them did.__________ didn’t.

A.Another

B.The others

C.Some other

D.Others

【課后作業(yè)】

1.Bob is going to give ___ a talk on World Car Design and Development.

A, we B, us C, our D, ours

2.Be patient, John. Don’t give up. Have _____ try.

A, other B, another C, the other D, one

3.If you save ___ coins a day, you’ll be able to buy a mobile phone in a year.

A, a little B, little C, a few D, few

4.___ of the teachers is going to the party next week.

A, All B, Both C, Neither D, Some

5.There are ___ mistakes in Mary’s project, so her teacher is pleased with her work.

A, a little B, little C, a few D, few

6.Would you like ___ apple juice?

A, an B, any C, a D, some

7.___ computer is new and ___ is new, too.

A, Our, he B, Ours, his C, My, his D, My, her

8.No one noticed the mobile phone in his ___ hand.

A, other B, the other C, another D, else

9.Among three hundred graduates, 70% prefer to get a job, and ___ choose to make a further study.

A, the other B, the others C, others D, other

10.Everyday people get ___ information from TV, newspapers and the Internet.

A, many B, a number of C, a lot of D, a few

11.A: Does Mrs. Li lived by herself? B: Yes. She has two daughters, but ___ of them are studying in the US.

A, neither B, all C, none D, both

12.There are a lot of tall buildings on ___ side of huangpu River.

A, either B, both C, neither D, every

13.Mr Baker is ill, so ___ John ___ Jack is going to attend the meeting instead.

A, both, and B, neither, nor C, either, or D, not only, but also

14.After ___ of unsuccessful attempts, he has at last passed his driving test.

A, a series B, series C, a few D, some

15.May I use your dictionary? I’ve lost ___.

A, mine B, it C, yours D, one

16.___ may laugh at her, but I like her.

A, The others B, The other C, Others D, Another

17.Mr White wished the twins to be doctors, but ___ of them liked to study medicine.

A, both B, neither C, either D, none

18.Health officials tried ___ best to fight global bird flu.

A, them B, they C, theirs D, their

19.You can find many trees and plants on ___ side of the road this year.

A, both B, all C, every D, each

20.The number of the students in our school is larger than ___ in your school.

A, those B, that C, the students D, this

21.The calculator is Ben’s. Please give it to ___.

A, he B, him C, his D, himself

22.I didn’t get any e-mails yesterday, but there were ___ this morning.

A, few B, little C, a few D, a little

A: ______ pencil-box is this, Patrick?

B: It’s ______.

A. Whose… mine B. Who’s… mine C. Whose…my D. Who’s…my

The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers ______.

A. them B. themselves C. him D. himself

Miss Brown will teach ______ English next term.

A. us B. we C. our D. ours

The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than ______.

A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs

When Yang Liwei came back from space, many reporters interviewed ______ and got some first-hand information.

A. he B. him C. his D. himself

Zhang Yining is ______ favorite table tennis player.

A. I B. me C. my D. mine

Please keep the park clean when you enjoy ______ there.

A. your B. you C. yours D. yourselves

David talked with a friend of ______ on the Internet for a long time yesterday.

A. he B. his C. him D. himself

______ of us has read the story.

A. Some B. Both C. All D. None

Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; ____ like ball games.

A. the others B. others C. the other D. other

There are many highrises on ______ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view!

A. either B. neither C. both D. all

Not long ago, our country sent up a rocket with two small satellites into space. One weighed 204kilos and ______, 25kilos.

A. another B. other C. others D. the other

Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. ______ of them have set a good example to us.

A. All B. Neither C. Both D. None

Mr Smith is quite busy today. He has ______ meetings to attend.

A. little B. a little C. few D. a few

Obey the traffic rules and learn to protect yourself. ______ is more important than life.

A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything

I’ve got two tickets for tonight’s concert. One is for me, ______ is for you.

A. other B. the other C. others D. another

______ engineers and workers are helping to rebuild the damaged city.

A. Many B. Much C. A little D. A lot

I knocked on the door several times but ______ answered, so I left.somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody

( ) 1. My parents are going to Shanghai. I think _______ will take _______ with _____.

A. them, me, them B. they, me, them

C. he, I, him D. them, I, him

( ) 2. ---Who is knocking at the door?

--- It’s ________.

A. I B. me C. mine D. my

( ) 3. _________ are good friends.

A. You, he and I B. I, he and you

C. He, I and you D. I, you and he

( ) 4. They two helped _____ and won in the end.

A. both B. each other C. one another D. him

( ) 5. ______ my uncle _____ my aunt has been to Beijing.

A. Both, and B. Either, or C. Neither, nor D. Both, or

( ) 6. --- How many people are there in the room?

--- ________.

A. Everyone B. Nobody C. No one D. None

( ) 7. ______ likes to do such work.

A. Everyone B. Every one C. Not one D. Anyone

( ) 8. Would you like _____ tea, ______?

A. some, either B. any, too C. some, too D. any, either

( ) 9. That beautiful girl is ________ sister.

A. Mary and Tom’s B. Mary’s and Tom

C. Mary’s and Tom’s D. Mary and Tom

( ) 10. Please help _________ to some fruit.

A. myself B. oneself C. yourself D. himself

( ) 11. I invited Mary and Tony to my home, but _______ of them came.

A. neither B. both C. either D. none

( ) 12. We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had ____ money with us.

A. all, not B. any, no C. none, any D. no one, any

( ) 13. Although he’s wealthy, he spends _____ on clothes.

A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

( ) 14. There are so many interesting books in the bookstore that I can’t decide ______ to buy.

A. what B. which C. how D. where

( ) 15. The teacher gave the textbooks to all the students except ______ who had already taken them.

A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others

( ) 16. You can only water these plants ________.

A. each other day B. every other day

C. each of two days D. every of two days

( ) 17. --- Is _______ here?

--- No, Tim was ill.

A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody

( ) 18. Jim’s oral English is better than _______.

A. anyone B. anyone else C. anyone else’s D. anyone’s else’s

( ) 19. That kind of English party will be held ______ two years.

A. both B. either C. every D. each

( ) 20. --- Do you have a dictionary, Mary?

--- Yes, I have ______ with me.

A. one B. it C. this D. that

( ) 21. Jerry learned Japanese for three years, __________ is, from 2002 to 2005.

A. this B. that C. it D. he

( ) 22. --- How many boys did you see in the tree?

--- _________.

A. Nobody. B. No one C. None D. Not many

( ) 23. You must improve _______ in speaking.

A. yourself B. yours C. your D. you

( ) 24. There is no agreement between ________.

A. I and you B. you and he C. you and me D. we and they

( ) 25. --- What’s on TV tonight? Is there ________ interesting?

--- I’m afraid not.

A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything

( ) 26. --- Where is my pen?

--- Oh, sorry. I have taken _______ by mistake.

A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers

( ) 27. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _______ new words in it.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

( ) 28. --- You want ________ sandwich?

--- Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.

A. other B. another C. others D. the other

( ) 29. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.

A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs

( ) 30. --- Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?

--- __________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.

Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

1. Jack and Mary have tried; but has succeeded in getting the chance to study abroad.

A. both B. neither C.all D.either

2.Its good for her health if she can find a way to relax from time to time.

A.she B.her C.hers D.herself

3.— Whats in the fridge?

------ .

A.Nothing B.None C.No D.No one

4.I didnt hear from him for a long time, so I went to see him by .

A. me. B. myself C.him D. himself

5.Do you know ____the population of Shanghai_______?

-----Sorry,I dont know.

A.what;is B.how much;is C.whats;/ D.how many;is

6.Jack, a close friend of ,will come and join in the game.

A.mine; us B.me;ours C.mine;ourselves D.myself;us

There is a flower shop on side of street，Let’s go and buy some flowers.another B.other C. the other D.others

8. The new skirt is for , Alice,Do you like ?

A. you; them B.yours;it C. you;it D. yours; them

9.You mustn t lend the books you borrowed from the library to people.

A. others B. the others C. other D. the other

10.Michael has read science books, but.I am sorry to say that he has

learned from them.

A.few;a little B. a few; little C.few;little D. a few; a little

— A latest English newspaper, please! — Only one copy left. Would you like to have ,sir?it. B. one C. this D.that-----You look so happy!

—Jack says I am pretty. has ever told me that before.

A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Everybody D.Nobody

13.Boys and girls, you have to plant all the trees tomorrow.

A. ourselves B. themselves C. yourself D.yourselves

14.— Which of these two sweaters will you take? /

— Ill take_______. They look nearly the same, and I just need one.

A.both B. either C.none D. all

15.There are a lot of tall buildings on side of Huangpu River.

A.either B.both C.neither D.every

16.There is something wrong with our old TV set.So we decided to buy one.

A. the other B. the others C. others D. another

17.At the gate of the library I showed card, and Tony showed .

A. my; him B. my; his C. mine; his D.mine; him

18.My cousin and I like flying kites in autumn. We often feel very happy.

A. all B. either C. both D. neither

19.Among three hundred graduates, 70% prefer to get a job, and________choose to make a further study.

A. the other B.the others C.others D.other

20.Some people enjoy KFC, but prefer McDonalds hamburger.

A. another B.the other C.others D.the other

21. What does "refrigerator" mean?

—Its way of saying fridge. We call it fridge for short.

other B. others C. another D. the others

22.I think ____is very kind _______you to help me out.

A. it;for B.that; for C.it;of D. that; of

23.Who teaches ______chemistry?

A.they B. their C. them D.theirs

— Who has an umbrella here, please

-----I have , Miss Lu.

one B. it C.this D.that

25.I know there is a pen in your right hand. But whats in your hand?

A. other B. another C. the other D.others

26.— Does Mrs. Li live by herself?

—Yes. She has two daughters, but of them are studying.in the US.

neither B. all C. none D. both

27.Mr.White wished the twins to be doctors, but of them liked to study medicine.

A both B.neither C. either D.none

28.Health officials tried best to fight HlNl.

A. them B. theyC.theirs D.their

29.— Who taught French? ------ Nobody. I learned all by

A. you;I B. your; me C.yours; my D.you;myself

30.Jim will give a short talk tomorrow.

A.we B. us C.our D.ours

computer is new and is new, too.Our; he B.Ours;his C.My;his D.My;heNo one noticed the mobile phone in his hand.other B. the other C.another D.else

33.Please make at home, Judy.

A.your B.yourself C. you D.yourself

34.Be patient, John. Dont give up. Have try.

A. other B. another C. the other. D.none

35.Lucy doesnt have an eraser. Let me give______to .

A.mine; her B. mine; hers C. her; mine D.hers;mine

36.Your shirt is blue, but is black and white

A.myself B. my C. mine D.me

37.I have three sisters, of them is a teacher.

A.All B. Both C.Neither D.None

38.There is something wrong with my computer. May I use ?

A.your B.yours C. you D.yourself

39. of the teachers is going to the party next week.

A. All B. Both C.Neither D.Some

MP3 is this? Is it yours?

A.Whose B.Who C.Which D.What

41.If you are not full, please have_______cake.

A.the other B.other C. others D.another

42.Some people enjoy, traveling by plane, but prefer traveling by train.

A.other B. the others C.the other D. others

43. Pick out the good bananas and throw away .

A. the rest B. rest C. others D.the other

44. This is my CD player, and is on the table over there.

A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself

45. — Who is____?

—This is Joanna from Australia.

this B. that C. it D. one

46. Students are usually interested in sports, Some like running, some like swimming, ________like ball games.

A. the others B. others C. the other D. other

47. The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers_________.

A. them B. themselves C.him D.himself

48. We should help when they are in trouble.

A. others B. the others C. other D. the other

49. Maryscomputer is as new as .

A. I . B. me C. mine D.myself

50. Miss Brown will teach English next term.

A. us B. we C. our D.ours

51.The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than_______.

A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs

52. Merry Christmas, George! Here is a card for with best wishes.

A. you;our B. us;your C. you; your D.us; our

53.Not long ago, our country sent up a rock with two small satellites into space. One weighed 204 kilos and 25 kilos.

A. another B. other C.others D. the other

54.When Yangliwei came back from space,many reporters interviewed and got some first-hand information.

A. he B. him C. his D. himself

55. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous.sports stars of them have set a good example to us.

A .All B. Neither C. Both D. None

56.Zhang Yining is favourite table tennis player.

A. I B. me C. my D. mine